“This Sunday that we observe is not the commandment of men,” he claimed.6 So popular were his views that Hooper’s book went through several printings over the next four decades. About the Sabbath it declares: As it is the law of nature, that, in general, a due proportion of time be set apart for the worship of God; so, in his Word, by a positive, moral and perpetual commandment, binding all men in all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath, to be kept holy unto him: which, from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of the week, which in Scripture is called the Lord’s day, and is to be continued to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath. [14], In the United States throughout the nineteenth century, Protestant moralists organized the "Sabbath reform" that pushed for stricter Sunday keeping. Yet as Kenneth Parker pointed out in his book The English Sabbath, church historians have echoed Heylyn’s erroneous view for several centuries. The need for a specific day of rest and worship, they affirmed, was moral and dated from creation. Their mention follows decades of Sunday Sabbatarian agitation. Ford Prefect. (In Tamara C. Eskenazi, Daniel J. Harrington and William H. Shea, editors, The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Traditions [New York: Crossroad, 1991], 69). Both books advocated the seventh day. (John H. Primus, Holy Time: Moderate Puritanism and the Sabbath [Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1989], 76). In essence, James repudiated strict Sunday observance for a more recreation-oriented day. A Sabbath is a day of rest and no New Testament passage tells us to rest on the first day or any other particular day. In 1986 Oscar Burdick discovered that the coded record book of this church had been deposited in the Gloucestershire County Record Office. In their strict view of the Bible, only the Sabbath was sacred. A Scottish rebellion forced Charles I to recall Parliament, since he could not raise taxes without Parliament. Bounde’s book contained nothing fundamentally new. Other members of Traske’s congregation were imprisoned, and two of them died in prison. Since Puritan times, most English-speaking Protestants identify the "Lord's Day" (viz., Sunday) with a "Christian Sabbath", a term Roman Catholics in those areas may also celebrate with the Eucharist.It is considered both the first day and the "eighth day" of the seven-day week. The Sabbatarians and the Prelatic party both agreed that the Saturday Sabbath was commanded by the Decalogue (against the Puritans). How did the Puritans feel about the Sabbath day? Their greatest legacy is the influence they had on spreading seventh-day Sabbatarianism within the early Adventist movement. Based on their own writings and other evidence, it appears that most of them arose during the decade of the 1650s. This is not surprising, since the English working person labored long hours for six days each week, with little chance for diversion. Instead of Anabaptists becoming Baptists, we find that a few Baptists became members of the Anabaptist sect of Mennonites. In speaking of his beliefs, he acknowledged that he was a baptized believer who accepted the principles in Hebrews 6:1-2 and such doctrines as faith in God, repentance from dead works, baptism, laying on of hands, the resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment, ending with the affirmation that he owned the Commandments of God, the Ten Commandments as expressed in Exodus 20, and did not dare willingly to break the least of those to save his life. 8. The establishment felt the law had no bearing on the subject because the Sabbath had been abolished. As the 1620s came to a close, Theophilus Brabourne wrote and published A Discourse on the Sabbath Day. In that book, Heylyn argued that Sunday Sabbatarianism was a Puritan innovation. One fifth of the English clergy, 2,000 ministers, refused to sign. But he felt would be unnecessary and harmful to require more than this. The court ordered him to pay the impossible fine of 1,000 pounds and then to be imprisoned for the rest of his life.21 In prison he recanted, wrote a refutation of his beliefs and was released. On the other hand, the Puritan doctrine of a Sunday Sabbath appealed primarily to biblical law. 29 “The English Jews were only in the spring of 1656 making their first tentative excursions into English life as they left their self-imposed Spanish and Portuguese Roman Catholic disguises” (Katz, 156). Though the first failed, another was introduced. The congregation became Baptist. Their worship was on the Sabbath (Saturday), rather than Sunday, and Christmas in particular they considered a pagan celebration. In their defense, James issued his “Declaration of Lawful Sports.” Dancing, archery, athletic events and Whitsun-ales were not to be prohibited after the time of church services. [8], During the Vestiarian controversy, Reformers were spurred to develop the regulative principle of worship, a fundamental article that no corporate worship is permissible that does not have the sanction of Scripture, whether stated explicitly, or derived by a necessary deduction from Scripture. In 1644, Thomas Adams, who was English but living in Amsterdam, was excommunicated from his church for observing the seventh day. The seventh day, Saturday, is the only day ever designated by the term Sabbath in the entire Bible. The Sabbath day for Peter was the seventh day of the week, the same sabbath day that Jesus kept and the other apostles. They also sewed and cooked. On at least one occasion, church records were kept in code, while seventh-day publications were released anonymously or with only the author’s initials. Seventh-day Sabbatarianism never became established. This helps to explain some of the severe reactions that later developed against Puritan Sabbatarianism. Though the death penalty was never used, the law illustrates how seriously Virginia’s early colonial administration regarded the Sabbath. Social analysts already speak of the “post-Christian” era in Western Europe. The article’s conclusions may have depended on Cox’s previously published book or on assumptions about Sprint’s 1607 comment. Puritan Sabbath observance began at sundown and no work of any kind, even household chores, was allowed for the next 24-hours. In 1606 he published a revised edition titled Sabbathum Veteris et Novi Testamenti, or The True Doctrine of the Sabbath, noted for its extensive quotations from Jerome Zanchius, a highly respected theologian from Heidelberg who wrote extensively on the subject. The most likely source remaining is the Puritan movement. His martyrdom is one of the most thoroughly documented of that decade. The New England Sabbath always began at sunset on Saturday night and ended at the next sunset…. True Sabbatarianism, whether advocating Sunday or Saturday, insists both on the divine origin and the continued authority of the commandment. 20 At that time the English alphabet did not contain the letter J, so Jew was spelled Iew. Favorite Answer. Five years later on Sunday, January 13, 1583, a crowd gathered for a bearbaiting. When Lord De La Warr became governor of Virginia in 1610, he established strict Sabbatarianism in the colony. To strengthen his rule over the church, he appointed in 1636 the staunchly anti-Puritan William Laud as the Archbishop of Canterbury. Even in religiously conservative sections of the country, few Christians seem bothered by attending Sunday morning services and a football game in the afternoon. We will return to New England shortly, but before we do, we need to review the stories of John Traske and the Book of Sports. 46 (July 1972), 256-79. In 1662 Parliament passed the Fourth Act of Conformity. The first Reformed Englishman to espouse Sabbatarianism was John Hooper, called the author of English Sabbatarianism.5 His Declaration of the Ten Holy Commandments, published in 1548, was widely known and used.
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