t34 heavy tank russian

), this turret was actually faster to produce. The Finnish tanks were captured directly from the Soviets or purchased from Germany's captured stocks. Following German tank and American tank, Soviet tank emerged and the world of 1/48 military miniature is finally enriched. During the Soviet-Afghan War, most of the T-34s were fielded by the Sarandoy internal security forces. For the Germans, covering 200 km was nothing, but with T-34s something would have been lost, something would have broken down. [100] Besides the poor state of older tanks, the new T-34s and KVs suffered from initial mechanical and design problems, particularly with regard to clutches and transmissions. [157], A T-34-85 tank monument in the East German city of Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz) became the target of a 1980 bomb-attack that inflicted minor damage on the vehicle and blew out nearby windows. [34] The Kirovsky Factory, evacuated just weeks before the Germans surrounded Leningrad, moved with the Kharkov Diesel Factory to the Stalin Tractor Factory in Chelyabinsk, soon to be nicknamed Tankograd ("Tank City"). [27] Koshkin died of pneumonia (exacerbated by the drive from Kharkov to Moscow) at the end of that month, and the T-34's drivetrain developer, Alexander Morozov, was appointed Chief Designer. In one of the first known encounters, a T-34 crushed a 37 mm PaK 36, destroyed two Panzer IIs, and left a 14-kilometre (8.7 mi)-long swathe of destruction in its wake before a howitzer destroyed it at close range. When firing APCR shells, it could pierce 92 mm at 500 m and 60 mm of armour at 1000 m.[63] The best German tanks of 1941, the Panzer III and Panzer IV, had no more than 50 or 60 mm of flat frontal armour. [67], Early in the war, the commander fought at a further disadvantage; the forward-opening hatch and the lack of a turret cupola forced him to observe the battlefield through a single vision slit and traversable periscope. In 1956, they were used as regular tanks to support Egyptian infantry, the tank was still in use by the 1973 October war. In May 1978, South Africa launched a major airborne raid on Cassinga with the objective of destroying a South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) base there. The Heavy Tank T34 was a heavy tank design developed by the United States during World War II.The design was a derivative of the T29 and T30 Heavy Tanks.. The Panzer IV, its closest German equivalent at that time, used narrower track which tended to sink in such conditions. The quality of materials used were "ample for the job" with some being "better than those used in American tanks". [104], At the same time, the Soviets incrementally upgraded the T-34. ; Grosch, D.J. [41] The single largest producer was Factory N.183 (UTZ), building 28,952 T-34s and T-34-85s from 1941 to 1945. Maryevski later remembered: The caterpillars used to break apart even without a bullet or shell hits. American losses were somewhat greater. Czechoslovak-produced T-34-85s were used by Egypt in the Arab-Israeli Wars of 1956 and 1967 in the Sinai Peninsula. With substantial drivetrain changes, a new turret, and 100 mm gun, it became the T-54, starting production in 1947. A still heavier version of the A-32, with 45 mm (1.77 in) of front armour, wider tracks, and a newer L-11 76.2 mm gun, was approved for production as the T-34. [88], Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, its invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941. Several T-34-85s and a few IS-2 tanks were fielded, primarily dispersed amongst their infantry, thus making armoured engagements with US and UN forces rare from then on. The opposing Japanese forces had been reduced as elite units had been drawn off to other fronts and the remaining forces were in the middle of a redeployment. New methods were developed for automated welding and hardening the armour plate, including innovations by Prof. Evgeny Paton. [41], The testing at Aberdeen revealed other problems as well. The production plan of the T-34-85 in China was ended soon after once the PRC received T-54A main battle tanks from the Soviet Union and began to build the Type 59 tank, which was a licensed production version of T-54A. The Heavy Tank T29 and Heavy Tank T34 were American heavy tanks projects started in March 1944 to counter the appearance of the German Tiger II heavy tank. In April and May, they underwent a grueling 2,000-kilometre (1,200 mi) drive from Kharkov to Moscow for a demonstration for the Kremlin leaders, to the Mannerheim Line in Finland, and back to Kharkov via Minsk and Kyiv. A T-34-85 initially cost about 30 percent more to produce than a Model 1943, at 164,000 rubles; by 1945 this had been reduced to 142,000 rubles. [10], The T-34 was the mainstay of Soviet armoured forces throughout the war. [30] The initial T-34 version had a powerful 76.2 mm gun, and is often called the T-34/76 (originally a World War II German designation, never used by the Red Army). [30], During the winters of 1941–42 and 1942–43, the T-34 had a marked advantage over German tanks through its ability to move over deep mud or snow—especially important in the USSR's twice-annual rasputitsa mud seasons—without bogging down. T-34-85s equipped many of the armies of Eastern European countries (later forming the Warsaw Pact) and the armies of other Soviet client-states elsewhere. Throughout production, improvements were constantly being made. [148] Four later entered service with the new Namibian Army. ", Regina v. Ministry of Defence Ex Parte Walker, "Scramble for the Congo – Anatomy of an Ugly War", "[ẢNH] "Ông lão" T-34-85 Việt Nam chiến đấu anh dũng trong Chiến tranh biên giới 1979", http://www.uskowioniran.com/2015/04/wwii-era-soviet-armor-engaged-in-yemen.html, International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Tank That Helped Russia Defeat Nazi Germany Has Finally Retired (In Laos), "Russia receives 30 vintage T-34/85 tanks from Laos", "Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire", https://www.armyrecognition.com/vietnam_vietnamese_army_land_ground_forces_uk/vietnam_vietnamese_army_land_ground_armed_forces_military_equipment_armoured_armored_vehicle_uk.html, "Handbook of Major Foreign Weapons Systems Exported to the Third World: 1981–86", "Briefing – The War in Angola: Forces and Organisation", Tanki T34-76 väljatõmbamine Kurtna järvest (WWII Trophy tank), "Russian Tank Recovered from the Lake After 50 Years Been There – English Russia", "Musée des blindés de Saumur : Toute l'histoire du blindé", The Soviet high command: a military-political history, 1918–1941, Full panorama of external and internal T34/85, Panzerkampfwagen T-34(r): Soviet T-34 in German Service, U.S. WWII Newsmap, "Russian Armored Vehicles", The T-34 in WWII: the Legend vs. the Performance, List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II, Soviet armored fighting vehicle production during World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-34&oldid=994596441, Military vehicles introduced in 1940–1944, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Articles containing Russian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles needing additional references from July 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2020, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 26.5 tonnes (29.2 short tons; 26.1 long tons), 18.9 hp (14 kW) / tonne (T-34) 15.6 hp (11.6 KW) / tonne (T-34-85), This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 15:18. The remaining tank continued to engage the withdrawing South African paratroops from a hull down position until the battle was over. [76] German commanders liked to fight "heads-up", with their seat raised and having a full field of view – in the T-34 this was impossible. The Soviet Army also began to add the IS "Josef Stalin" heavy tank to the mix beginning in 1943 for a truly potent "one-two" punch. An evaluation of the tank was conducted by the USA which found that the sloped armour of the T-34 was desirable for deflecting shells. [52][53] According to an examination of damaged T-34 tanks in several repair workshops in August to September 1942, collected by the People's Commissariat for Tank Industry in January 1943, 54.3% of all T-34 losses were caused by the German long-barreled 50 mm KwK 39 gun. Ryabyshev marched towards Dubno, the corps lost half of its vehicles. [38] The initial narrow, cramped turrets, both the cast one and the one welded of rolled armour plates bent to shape, were since 1942 gradually replaced with the somewhat less cramped hexagonal one; as it was mostly cast with only a few, simple flat armour plates welded in (roof etc. The monument (known locally as 'Saint Tank') was intended to represent Lt I.G. The engine was restored to full working order. Individual tank commanders lacked situational awareness due to the poor provision of vision devices and preoccupation with gunnery duties. A lack of properly installed and shielded radios – if they existed at all – restricted their operational range to under 16 km (9.9 mi). T-34 byl sovětský střední tank vyvinutý na přelomu 30. a 40. let 20. století, který měl zásadní a trvalý dopad na konstrukci tanků. [114] During the course of the World War II, the cost of a T-34 tank was reduced by almost half, from 270,000 rubles in 1941,[114] while in the meantime its top speed remained about the same, and its main gun's armour penetration and turret frontal armour thickness both nearly doubled. The ammunition load shrank from around 90-100 to 55-60 shells, but the projectiles were 50% heavier (9 kg) and were much better in the anti-armour role, and reasonable in a general purpose role. [188] The tank had been captured and used by retreating German troops, who dumped it in the swamp when it ran out of fuel. [100] The shortage of repair equipment and recovery vehicles led the early T-34 crews to enter combat carrying a spare transmission on the engine deck.[101]. Due to low anti-tank performance, the T-34 was upgraded to the T-34-85 model. Tanks in the Soviet Union [59], In 1942 the German Panzer IVs were refitted with the Kwk 40 due to the inadequate anti tank performance of previous German tank designs against the T-34. Designed in 1938 and entering service in 1940, the KV-1 was designed to break through fixed defenses. The anaerobic environment of the bog preserved the tank and ensured there were no signs of oil leakage, rust, or other significant water damage. A few tanks also had appliqué armour of varying thickness welded onto the hull and turret. Both were Soviet developments of foreign designs from the early 1930s; the T-26 was based on the British Vickers 6-Ton, and the BT tanks were based on a design from American engineer J. Walter Christie. Fighting on the Eastern Front saw large numbers of T-34s captured, though few were T-34-85s. The Heavy Tank T34 is a rank IV American heavy tank with a battle rating of 7.0 (AB) and 6.7 (RB/SB). [68][69] This meant that they could only be penetrated from the sides at ranges of a few hundred meters. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. [123] After October 1950, KPA armour was rarely encountered. The second-largest was Krasnoye Sormovo Factory N.112 in Gorky, with 12,604 in the same period.[42]. They can easily be damaged by small-caliber and mortar rounds. "[31] However, a Military Commissariat Report of the 10th Tank Division, dated 2 August 1941 reported that within 300–400 m the 37 mm Pak 36's armour-piercing shot could defeat the frontal armour. Milsom, John (1971). Captured enemy designs, experimental types, and Lend-Lease tanks are also included in … [49] The air filter issue was later remedied by the addition of "Cyclone" filters on the Model 1943,[31] and even more efficient "Multi-Cyclone" filters on the T-34-85. With the T-43 canceled, the Soviet command made the decision to retool the factories to produce an improved version of the T-34. [45] It was the most-produced tank of the Second World War, and the second most-produced tank of all time, after its successor, the T-54/55 series. By 1943, there were 43 factories producing just two types of tanks – the T-34 and the heavier KV. [109] It was still not enough to match the Tiger, as a Tiger could destroy the T-34 from a distance of 1,500 to 2,000 meters,[110] but it was a noticeable improvement. Although the IJA Type 95 Ha-Go light tanks had diesel engines,[19] the Red Army's T-26 and BT tanks used petrol engines which, while common in tank designs of the time, often burst into flames when hit by IJA tank-killer teams[20] using Molotov cocktails. The T34 Heavy Tank was an American design for a heavy tank.It was evolved from the T29 Heavy Tank and T30 Heavy Tank in 1945, sporting a 120 mm (4.72 in) modified anti-aircraft gun.Extra armor plating was applied to the rear of the turret bustle as a counterweight for the heavier 120mm T53 main gun. [71] When firing on the frontal armour of the Panther at an angle of 30 degrees sidewards, the T-34-85 could not penetrate its turret at 500 m (550 yd). [29] Only company commanders' tanks could be fitted with radios (originally the 71-TK-3 radio set), due to their expense and short supply – the rest of the tank crews in each company signalled with flags. Many of the Т-34-85s were enhanced with Finnish or Western equipment, such as improved optics.[150]. However, the T-43 prototype's armour, though heavier, was not capable against German 88 mm guns, while its mobility was found to be inferior to the T-34. 14 "The incredible T-34 tank." [citation needed]. No need to register, buy now! [128], FAPLA began deploying T-34-85s against the UNITA and FNLA forces on June 9, 1975. They also saw extensive action against Turkish forces during the Turkish invasion in July and August 1974, with two major actions at Kioneli and at Kyrenia on 20 July 1974. It was evolved from the T29 Heavy Tank and T30 Heavy Tank in 1945, sporting a 120 mm (4.72 in) modified anti-aircraft gun. The T34 is the hardest hitting tier 8 heavy tank, putting out even more damage than the IS-3 armed with the 122mm BL-9. These machines were mainly identifiable from other … The examinations, performed at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, highlighted these early faults, which were in turn acknowledged in a 1942 Soviet report on the results of the testing: The Christie's suspension was tested a long time ago by the Americans and unconditionally rejected. The bomber, Josef Kneifel, was sentenced to life imprisonment in Bautzen, but was released after a deal with the West German government in 1987. [26], Political pressure came from conservative elements in the army to redirect resources into building the older T-26 and BT tanks, or to cancel T-34 production pending completion of the more advanced T-34M design. After these battles, Koshkin convinced Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to let him develop a second prototype, a more heavily armed and armoured "universal tank" that reflected the lessons learned and could replace both the T-26 and the BT tanks. [citation needed], Resistance from the military command and concerns about high production cost were finally overcome by anxieties about the poor performance of Soviet tanks in the Winter War in Finland, and the effectiveness of German tanks during the Battle of France. [94] The Germans were forced to deploy 105 mm field guns and 88 mm anti-aircraft guns in a direct fire role to stop them. [30] The L-11 gun did not live up to expectations, so the Grabin Design Bureau at Gorky Factory N.92 designed the superior F-34 76.2 mm gun (see Designations of Soviet artillery). [127][132] Some were also acquired from Yugoslav reserve stocks by Serbian separatist armies, namely the Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (SVK) and the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). [80], The main weakness [of the two-man turret of a T-34 Model 1941] is that it is very tight. Its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was more powerful than its contemporaries[5] while its 60 degree sloped armour provided good protection against anti-tank weapons. The T-34 (German designation: T-34/76) was the original tank with a 76.2 mm gun in a two-man turret. These were sometimes modified to German standards by the installation of a German commander's cupola and radio equipment. The two-man turret crew arrangement required the commander to aim and fire the gun, an arrangement common to most Soviet tanks of the day. Similarly, casting was seen as high quality although casting defects were found in the side armour of the tank that negatively affected armour strength. [5], In 1945, encounters with heavy German tanks and tank destroyers such as the Tiger II and Jagdtiger lead to a new project to counter these new threats. [143], In 1984, the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) made a concerted attempt to establish its own conventional armoured battalion through its armed wing, the People's Liberation Army of Namibia. The prototype T-43's turret design was hurriedly adopted by Vyacheslav Kerichev at the Krasnoye Sormovo Factory to fit the T-34. [12] With 44,900 lost during the war, it also suffered the most tank losses ever. Examples of this tank are in the collections of most significant military museums, and hundreds more serve as war memorials. The T34 Heavy Tank was an American design for a heavy tank. For those that believe that this is the Soviet T-34 (notice the dash in the name) "The final variation of the T29 concept, the Heavy Tank T34, mounted a 120 mm gun based upon the then-current 120mm M1 anti-aircraft gun" -Wikipedia [93] In another incident, a single Soviet T-34 was hit more than 30 times by a battalion-sized contingent of German 37mm and 50mm anti-tank guns, yet survived intact and drove back to its own lines a few hours later. [178] The Finns referred to the T-34 as the Sotka after the common goldeneye, because the side silhouette of the tank resembled a swimming waterfowl. All T-34-85 models are externally very similar. The maximum range at which the tanks could penetrate the T-34 could not determined due to a lack of data at higher combat ranges. However the tank also had various defects. The Germans' standard anti-tank weapons were found to be ineffective against these new Soviet vehicles. Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Honnigfort, Bernhard. [14][156] The Laotian Army retired its T-34s in early 2019 and sold all of them to Russia, where they will be used for public displays and museum exhibits. [192], This article is about the Soviet medium tank. However, to balance these abilities the T34's cannon was given an increase in aiming time and also given a RoF of 4. Soviet Union (1943) Heavy tank – 3,854 built A new standard in hell: The IS-2. Developed in 1945 as a modernization of the T30 heavy tank. It used the coil-spring Christie suspension of the earlier BT-series tanks, using a "slack track" tread system with a rear-mounted drive sprocket and no system of return rollers for the upper run of track, but dispensed with the heavy and ineffective convertible drive. The Americans couldn't understand how our tankers could fit inside during a winter when they wear sheepskin jackets. 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