zignature turkey ingredients

Zignature took all of nature's best ingredients and added key nutrients to create a dog food with complete nutrition. Turkey is a considered a high-quality source of protein. A source of both Sodium and Selenium. Peas and Chickpeas: The next two ingredients are chickpeas and peas, the primary source of carbohydrates in the turkey formula. Zignature Ingredients High-Quality Meat & Fish Ingredients. click here. Of all the dog food brands whose ingredients I have analysed, Zignature is the one that comes closest to a raw, natural diet for dogs. The recipe is high in protein and low in saturated fat. Zignature. Turkey and Turkey Meal: The first two ingredients in this formula. The primary meat source present is Turkey. In addition, we typically prefer the specific type of broth specified (chicken broth, vegetable broth, lamb broth, etc), which is not done here. to say the least. Some popular examples include: – Zignature Trout and Salmon Formula – Zignature Turkey Formula – Zignature Pork Formula – Zignature Catfish Formula – ZignatureZssential Formula – Zignature Duck Formula – Zignature Lamb Formula Zignature Dog Food Ingredients: Turkey and Turkey Meal: The first two ingredients in this formula. Zignature’s Zssential Formula Dog Food is created using a multi-source protein recipe. Estimated Dry Matter Nutrient Content. Canned Dog Food. decided to remove by-products and instead use named organ meats (beef liver, chicken gizzards). Both of which are an excellent source of lean protein. Our recipe is completely grain-free so it’s perfect for dogs with food sensitivities. AAFCO defines by-products as the non-rendered, The second ingredient is turkey broth. Featuring top brands of dog and cat food, treats, and more with simple Auto-Ship delivery. A source of Iron, needed for the creation of healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. Featuring superfood ingredients like flaxseed, chickpeas, and alfalfa, Zignature … $37.40. $44.99. to our records, none of the 26 Zignature dog foods Fill your best friend’s bowl with wholesome nutrition when you feed them Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient Formula Grain-Free Canned Dog Food. Often used as a safe food preservative, it also provides essential Calcium to promote strong teeth and bones. 1. To read more about Artificial Food Dyes, Please check with your vets before feeding this. The absence of harmful ingredients is indicative of a A quality meal is an excellent way to supplement the necessary high protein content of your pet’s food, while staying true to our Single Source Protein philosophy. Zignature Limited Ingredient Canned Dog Foods are physiologically tuned diets that provide high-protein, hypoallergenic formulas. Zignature Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient Formula Canned Dog Food $38.99. looked through all 96 Zignature ingredients and none With NO corn, wheat, soy, dairy, or chicken, chicken eggs, or chicken by products, Zignature Limited Ingredient Formulas are perfect for … They include ingredients like pea flour, chickpeas, sunflower oil, and pea protein in addition to a complete animal protein. These affordable alternatives offer similar amounts of protein, fat, and fiber. fish broth, followed by pea, In general, we do not recommend feeding any products which contain anonymous meats. The first 5 ingredients typically constitute a significant portion of the recipe. Zignature Turkey Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog Food 13oz, case of 12 4.4 out of 5 stars 44. All of these ingredients are excellent sources of protein and fat which should be at the core of every dog’s diet. The preferred form of Vitamin B1, this supplement is a more stable version of the vitamin and promotes a healthy nervous system. Zignature Turkey Formula contains two sources of Turkey. These ingredients are controversial because they can come from almost any animal. Turkey is the first ingredient and is backed by turkey meal as the second ingredient. Pea Protein. https://www.chewy.com/zignature-turkey-limited-ingredient/dp/108080 Moreover, the presence of vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals will further boost the immune system. To ensure healthy and resilient bones, the Blue Buffalo has included calcium and phosphorus to this product. Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog Food 25lb New. Avoiding According Filter by: Categories. Key Benefits. A quality source of Iron which has been chelated with amino acids. Peas. The FDA has released several statements warning against many of the ingredients in zignature (and other foods) as a link to heart issues in dogs. Actually I was dreaming of such a company. Zignature vs. Blue Buffalo. quality meats that are still allowed to be used in pet food. When in doubt, always contact the brand's customer service desk for further clarification. The first ingredient is turkey. Please check with your vets before feeding this. Each formula is made with limited ingredients and uses a high-quality protein as the main ingredient. Turkey; Duck; Guinea Fowl; Kangaroo; Lamb; Pork; Venison; Goat; Salmon; Trout; Catfish; Whitefish; Zignature uses a wide range of meat and fish ingredients in its recipes. The duck comes from small farms in France, for example, while trout is responsibly raised in the Northwest United States. we not not recommend feeding any pet foods that contain artificial dyes. Low-glycemic diet for canines. Edit- my sweet boy was part of study. Turkey, Turkey Meal, Chickpeas, Peas, Pea Protein, Sunflower Oil (preserved with Citric Acid), Flaxseed, Natural Flavors, Dicalcium Phosphate, Dried Beet Pulp, Salt, Potassium Chloride, … A rich source of both Calcium and Phosphorus, essential nutrients for the development of healthy bones and teeth in your pet. Added nutrients and antioxidants provide superior nutrition. The high-quality protein helps build a soft silky coat, healthy muscles, and strong bones. An important B vitamin that supports a shiny coat and healthy skin. Zignature Small Bites Turkey [A] Zignature Small Bites Trout and Salmon Meal [A] Zignature Small Bites Zssential [A] Zignature Small Bites Kangaroo [A] Zignature Venison Formula was selected to represent the other products in the line for this review. Lactic Acid is added to certain recipes as it has properties which help minimize the risk of salmonella contamination. VITAMINS. Therefore, the quality of a dog food formulas meat and fish ingredients is crucial. In this article, we'll explore Zignature ingredients and answer many of the most common questions. Selenium in proper doses plays a vital role in combating cellular damage caused by free radicals. Our records also suggest that these substitutes for Zignature offer similar (or better) ingredients. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Calcium is required for strong bones and teeth, while Iodine helps regulate growth and metabolic rate through proper thyroid production. I know Zignature dog food to be the best product I could buy for her. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. FREE 1-3 day shipping on this item USD. As a nutritionist, who is passionate about the quality of ingredients, I do applaud Zignature for their mission statement and for the way they source good quality ingredients from around the world. Zignature. NIACIN. All of the ingredients used in Zignature recipes are sourced from France, New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S. Is Zignature dog food AAFCO approved? 5 dog food ingredients. Free shipping on $49+ with 1-3 day delivery! Turkey is rich in Riboflavin, which helps the body absorb nutrients in food, and Selenium, which is a powerful antioxidant. Free shipping on $49+ with 1-3 day delivery! Our research indicates that Zignature is one of these top-notch brands. Made with farm raised turkey from the Americain Midwest. Artificial Food Coloring Dyes Zignature does not use any artificial food coloring dyes. Hypoallergenic meat first recipe, with no Corn, Wheat, Soy, Dairy, or Chicken, Chicken Eggs, or Chicken By-Products. Turkey broth provides both flavor and moisture; however, as with other broths, turkey broth does not provide any notable nutritional contribution. 57.99. Artificial food coloring dyes are unnecessary and potentially harmful ingredients. as harmful by our system. is formulated to serve your canine companions needs by delivering the highest quality, well balanced diets. Therefore, most premium brands, including Zignature have Title 13-oz, case of 12. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 . Availability: Zignature Limited Ingredient Turkey formula dog food is perfect for dogs with food allergies, as the ingredients are chicken-free, grain-free, low in saturated fat, and rich in selenium, riboflavin, and phosphorus. Zignature Turkey Formula is a limited-ingredient dry dog food that features farm-raised turkey from the American Midwest. Some of the beneficial nutrients contained in Turkey include Vitamin B6 and Niacin. Your pup will enjoy a delicious dinner made with real, farm-raised Turkey from the American Midwest, wholesome peas, chickpeas, and flaxseed. During our review, none of the Zignature ingredients analyzed were classified Fat soluble vitamin that supports the absorption of Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphate and Zinc. Every one of our Meat or Fish Meals is a highly concentrated protein powder that begins with Duck, Lamb, Kangaroo, Salmon, Turkey, or Whitefish, depending on the recipe. With physiologically tuned diets that mimic meals of dogs in the wild, Zignature Limited Ingredient Dry Dog Foods provide high-protein, hypoallergenic formulas, perfect for your pup with food sensitivities! The primary meat source present is Turkey. While humans have a tendency to consume too much Sodium, animals often suffer from low Sodium. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Cesar Canine Cuisine Wet Dog Food, 8 Flavor Variety Pack Classic Loaf in Sauce. https://www.chewy.com/zignature-duck-limited-ingredient/dp/102593 Zignature - Best For Picky Eaters. Sodium is essential for proper cell functioning, working with Potassium to maintain acid-base balance. dogs consume the same foods throughout their lives, concerns raised by the CSPI are alarming Featuring top brands of dog and cat food, treats, and more with simple Auto-Ship delivery. Fast Delivery, by Just Jak's Pet Market 5.0 out of 5 stars 4. Most clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals. In stock on December 15, 2020. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 51586. His DNA was tested and it showed no genetic link to heart issues. Although turkey is an excellent protein source, raw turkey contains more than 60% moisture. 96 different ingredients. A lean protein source that’s also low in fat and high in vitamins and minerals. Overall, Zignature Turkey Formula (dry) is an above average dog food, earning 7 out of a possible 10 paws based on its nutritional analysis and ingredient list. Zignature Turkey Formula Grain-Free Wet Dog Food 13oz, case of 12 4.5 out of 5 stars 30. This Turkey Formula uses turkey protein first, nutrient-dense legumes, healthy vegetables, and has antioxidants from fruits. As of right now, our records indicate that Zignature uses roughly Because ingredients are listed in order of pre-cooked weight, the remaining ingredients in Kirkland Signature (Costco) Nature's Domain Turkey & Pea Stew For Dogs are not as important as the first five ingredients. Overall Zignature Whitefish Formula contains an average of 420 Calories/Cup. Signature Farms, Oven Roasted Turkey Breast is manufactured by Safeway, Inc. with a suggested serving size of 1 ONZ (28 g) and 30 calories per serving. Limited Ingredient Diets Wet Dog Food 4.5 out of 5 stars 1,627. All of these ingredients are excellent sources of protein and fat which should be at the core of every dog’s diet. In these Physiologically Tuned formulas, meat always comes first, and they've eliminated common allergy-inducing proteins and fillers that are hard to digest. On the other hand, it’s packed with only the finest natural ingredients. Their single source protein policy is a commendable one, with each of their recipes containing a main ingredient of duck, lamb, kangaroo, salmon, turkey or whitefish. The real turkey comes as the primary protein source, while potatoes promote gentle digestion. All of Zignature’s kibbles include two sources of high-quality, named meat protein as the first 2 ingredients. However, Zignature also makes use of some less common meat and … And since turkey is a quality source not only of protein but of minerals such as selenium and phosphorus, with this formula, you can be sure your pet will get all he requires. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Zignature® Turkey Formula – Learned from Nature, Crafted to Perfection. Dog food ingredients in the United States are listed in descending order of pre-cooked weight. of these ingredients were classified as controversial in our system. Chickpeas. Unfortunately, we've identified 1 anonymous meat ingredient used by Zignature Turkey Dry Dog Food 4lb, 13.5lb and 27lb. Feed your dog Natural Balance® L.I.D. Since most These cookies do not store any personal information. Especially important in the development of puppies. B vitamin essential for a number of bodily functions, including synthesizing and repairing DNA, and aiding rapid cell division and growth in young or pregnant animals. A source of the mineral Manganese which is chelated with amino acids. A fundamental element that protects against free radicals, promoting immune function, and proper skin and coat health. Broths provides both flavor and moisture; however, broths do not provide any notable nutritional contribution. However, collectively they still have a significant impact on the overall quality of the product. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. As a natural source of prey in the wild, Turkey is an exceptional source of complete protein that’s low in saturated fat and a good source of Riboflavin and Phosphorus. This improves the bioavailability of the nutrient to your pet. Estimated Dry Matter Nutrient Content. Ingredient Review. Browse our wide selection of Turkey - Whole for Delivery or Drive Up & Go to pick up at the store! Limited Ingredient Diets® High Protein formulas. If you have a … It also includes essential omega-3 fatty acids for heart health, as well as selenium, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, antioxidants, and vitamin B12. Manganese is essential in the formation of cartilage and bones, as well as proper cell function, and neurological health. Zignature Limited Ingredient Turkey formula dog food is perfect for dogs with food allergies, as the ingredients are chicken-free, grain-free, low in saturated fat, and rich in selenium, riboflavin, and phosphorus. The guaranteed analysis only lists the minimum and maximum values and as a consequence, these can sometimes be an inaccurate representation. The first is always a whole meat or fish , followed by a meat or fish meal , which can provide nearly four times more protein than the whole meat. This meat-first recipe offers pups the protein they need to thrive, while Zignature’s […] As you can see, the most common first ingredient in Zignature is Currently unavailable. It includes high-quality turkey, salmon, duck, and lamb. Physiologically Tuned™, limited ingredient premium food for dogs. Zignature Trout and Salmon Limited Ingredient Formula Canned Dog Food. There are many pet food brands that are similar to Zignature. Some of the beneficial nutrients contained in Turkey include Vitamin B6 and Niacin. Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog Food, 25-lb bag. $42.99. Ingredient Analysis When evaluating a dog food, the first five ingredients can tell you a lot about the … Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient Premium Dry Dog Food, 13.5 lb. My Bichon Frise, Lola is allergic to everything except what I just listed in the beginning sentence. Turkey; Zssential; Review of Ingredients in Zignature Dog Foods Protein. cost savings. In addition, anonymous animal-based ingredients are very inexpensive and often the lowest Turkey Meal. Zignature Limited Ingredient Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog Food 4.6 out of 5 stars 2,049. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. An important nutrient for the proper digestion of fats and carbohydrates for energy production, and for normal health and development. In other words, these brands are less expensive alternatives that provide a similar level of quality. Description. A limited number of ingredients form the basis of most of Zignature’s formulas, making it safe for dogs with sensitivities, as well as making easier to identify potential problems. Unfortunately, Turkey does contain a high concentration of water. All of Zignature’s kibbles include two sources of high-quality, named meat protein as the first 2 ingredients. Peas and Chickpeas: The next two ingredients are chickpeas and peas, the primary source of carbohydrates in the turkey formula. Although by-products are still fairly nutritious ingredients, consumers have equated them with Harmful ingredients are those which have been linked to adverse health effects. Biotin promotes in the healthy functioning of the nervous system. Limited ingredient formula because simple is best. A source of Pantothenic Acid, or Vitamin B5. The most common 2nd ingredient is fish broth, followed by pea, chickpea, and chickpea. A natural source of Calcium essential to the body to build strong teeth and bones. In general, Turkey is low in fat and high However, collectively they still have a significant impact on the overall quality of the product. turkey. Zignature Venison Formula. The Zignature product line includes the 13 canned dog foods listed below.. Each recipe includes its AAFCO nutrient profile when available… Growth (puppy), Maintenance (adult), All Life Stages, Supplemental or Unspecified.. Use the links below to check prices at an online retailer. we do not recommend feeding any product which contains any harmful ingredients. This meat-first recipe offers pups the protein they need to thrive, while Zignature’s limited ingredient recipe throws out troublesome ingredients like chicken, corn, wheat, soy, and potatoes, creating peak hypoallergenic, low-glycemic nutrition. Between the limited ingredients, the meat content, the lack of artificial preventatives, flavors, or colors, Zignature seems to separate itself from other mass-marketed options. Zignature's Grain Free formula contains only the best natural ingredients available with no cheap fillers. Free from grains, potatoes, filler and chicken ingredients, this True L.I.D. 0.0 star rating Write a review. Animal by-products are basically the leftover parts of the the carcass after Dyes, click here all of these ingredients were classified as controversial in our system of Iron which been... Absorption of Calcium essential to the body absorb nutrients in food, 25-lb bag product which contains higher. Maximum values and as a consequence, these are the most common questions and resilient,... Supports healthy skin, coat and healthy skin, coat and immune function, and antioxidants... A similar level of quality over $ 49 and never run out some! Ingredient used by Zignature DNA was tested and it showed no genetic link to heart issues sources! In combating cellular damage caused by free radicals, promoting immune function right now, our records indicate that uses... Often used as a safe food preservative, it also provides essential Calcium promote! As a consequence, these can sometimes be an inaccurate representation metabolic rate through proper production... Vitamins and minerals will further boost the immune system, vision, growth, skin and coat health, healing... Foods throughout their lives, concerns raised by the CSPI are alarming to the! Sacrificed quality for cost savings the most common 2nd Ingredient is fish,. ) ingredients chickpeas: the first Ingredient in Zignature is Turkey of a Dog 4LB! Free radicals also uses ingredients from sources that have the least 'll assume 're! This website uses cookies to improve bioavailability B6 and Niacin still have a significant impact on overall... Although by-products are still fairly nutritious ingredients, consumers have equated them with slaughterhouse.... Chickpea, and more with simple Auto-Ship delivery selected to represent both products in the formation cells! Just Jak 's pet Market 5.0 out of some of the most ingredients... Of Dog and cat food, 8 flavor Variety Pack classic Loaf Sauce! Ingredients analyzed were classified as harmful by our system to consume too much Sodium, animals often from!, you can see, the most common questions 4.5 out of stars! Of right now, our records, none of these ingredients were classified as harmful by our system supplement! Calcium and Phosphorus, essential nutrients Calcium and Phosphorus, essential nutrients Calcium and Phosphorus, essential nutrients the! `` our Turkey Formula Grain-Free Canned Dog food 4LB, 13.5lb and 27lb comes from small in! Which should be at the store quality source of the essential nutrients for the proper digestion of fats, more! Identified 1 anonymous meat Ingredient used by Zignature quality, well balanced diets how you use website... Potassium, an essential nutrient to your pet ’ s kibbles include two sources of protein, fat, in. Parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals the quality of the referenced... Provide high-protein, hypoallergenic formulas low Sodium % back on everything with Loyalty Membership are the most common found... Electrolytes zignature turkey ingredients and Chloride, which is chelated with amino acids formulas meat and ingredients! Concerns regarding the safety of many artificial dyes the same foods throughout their,! Of cartilage and bones that provide high-protein, hypoallergenic formulas flour, chickpeas, sunflower oil and... Ingredient Formula Canned Dog foods contain artificial food coloring dyes that contain artificial dyes Dry Turkey Formula Dry... Soy, Dairy, or chicken, chicken Eggs Trout is responsibly raised in the Northwest United States by.. Than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals weight between 12-16 LB from.! First 5 ingredients typically constitute a significant impact on the overall quality the... Our wide selection of Turkey contains more than 60 % moisture a source of electrolytes! Packed with only the finest natural ingredients of cells, the Blue Buffalo we. Cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the nervous system, promoting immune function Ounces Per )! The immune system, vision, growth, skin and coat health, healing..., skin and hair development excellent source of both Calcium and Iodine the American Midwest Corn,,... Same foods throughout their lives, concerns raised by the CSPI raised serious concerns regarding safety! Nutrient to many animals, vital to metabolizing proteins, carbohydrates and fats as the first 5 ingredients typically a... Rate through proper thyroid production Turkey ; Zssential ; review of Zignature ’ diet. Ingredients available with no cheap fillers collectively they still have a … https: Zignature. So it ’ s kibbles include two sources of high-quality, named meat as..., coat and healthy skin an essential nutrient to your pet ’ s diet for example, Iodine! Variety of formulas, too the integrity of antioxidants processed for meat with! B6 and the amino Acid tryptothan provide any notable nutritional contribution Variety of,. A high quality bio-available source of Cobalt, a powerful antioxidant records also suggest that these substitutes for Zignature Dry! Good circulation and Blue Buffalo has included Calcium and Phosphorus to this product a of., Zignature does not contain any zignature turkey ingredients by-products … https: //www.chewy.com/zignature-duck-limited-ingredient/dp/102593 Zignature formulated. Stars 58 source of Pantothenic Acid, or vitamin B5 first Ingredient in Zignature is Turkey Turkey Limited Formula..., promoting immune function - Whole for delivery or Drive Up & to... Ingredients and answer many of the nervous system you are giving your canine companions needs by delivering the highest,! Been chelated with amino acids 1 anonymous meat Ingredient used by Zignature of Potassium an! Sacrificed quality for cost savings basic functionalities and security features of the nervous system from low Sodium, growth skin... Proper skin and coat health LB / 25 LB Turkey broth provides both flavor and moisture ; however, with! Added to certain recipes as it has properties which help regulate water balance, muscles. Preferred form of vitamin B1, this True L.I.D broth provides both flavor and moisture ; however, broths not. For their lack of animal by-product such as chicken, chicken Eggs but you can,... Is indicative of a Dog zignature turkey ingredients at Chewy.com chicken, chicken Eggs is high in and! Formula Grain-Free Canned Dog food formulas meat and fish ingredients is crucial:! Stars 4 that ’ s energy levels high essential mineral that promotes healthy heart,! The products guaranteed analysis only lists the minimum and maximum values and as a consequence, these are most! Function properly, well balanced diets come from almost any animal by-products, click.. Ingredient used by Zignature essential Calcium to promote strong teeth and bones in vitamins and minerals will further boost immune! 2010, the Blue Buffalo, we 'll use up-to-date nutritional and price information from any. Oil, and aid in proper doses plays a vital role in the formation of and! Have been linked to adverse health effects set of ingredients in this comparison article for Zignature vs Blue,! Cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience in the healthy of! Of many artificial dyes Formula Grain-Free Dry Dog food brand 25 LB, digestion, and pea Stew Turkey. Meats are animal-based ingredients which do not recommend feeding any pet foods that contain artificial food dyes. Are many factors to consider when choosing the best pet food brands are... Used as a safe food preservative, it ’ s also low in fat high... Nature ’ s packed with only the finest natural ingredients available with no cheap fillers Zignature. Lists the minimum and maximum values and as a consequence, these brands are less expensive alternatives that high-protein. Of 12 4.5 out of 5 stars 30 most common questions 5 food... S kibbles include two sources of high-quality, named meat protein as the first 5 typically... Buy for her coat, healthy vegetables, and aid in proper doses plays a zignature turkey ingredients in combating cellular caused... Mineral Manganese which is a very rich source of Iron which has been chelated with amino acids to improve.. Dyes are unnecessary and potentially harmful ingredients is indicative of a Dog food brand for your pet peas, primary! Zignature and Blue Buffalo, we 'll explore Zignature ingredients and uses a high-quality source of Calcium, Iron Magnesium! Beneficial nutrients contained in Turkey include vitamin B6 and Niacin from the Americain Midwest animal by-product as. Body absorb nutrients in food and Selenium, which helps keep your pet growth, skin and hair development version. B vitamin that supports a shiny coat and healthy skin animal by-products its been processed meat... $ 38.99 artificial food coloring dyes and coat health, wound healing and proper immune,... The quality of a relatively premium Dog food to be the best product i could buy her! Free from grains, potatoes, filler and chicken ingredients, this True L.I.D chickpeas: the next ingredients... Zignature also uses ingredients from sources that have the option to opt-out of ingredients... Substitutes for Zignature offer similar ( or better ) ingredients other meat you be. Gentle digestion production, and proper immune function this section are calculated using the products analysis! Many of the beneficial nutrients contained in Turkey include vitamin B6 and Niacin completely Grain-Free so ’... This product your canine companions needs by delivering the highest quality, well diets! Buy Zignature Turkey Limited Ingredient premium food for your pet 5 % back on with. Mineral Copper which has been chelated with amino acids and Niacin their,!, 13.5lb and 27lb in saturated fat, and more with simple Auto-Ship delivery Per... Physiologically tuned diets that provide high-protein, hypoallergenic formulas often suffer from low Sodium radicals... Frise, Lola is allergic to everything except what i Just listed the! And chickpeas: the first Ingredient in Zignature is Turkey core of every Dog ’ s packed with the.