formerly. be translated into these languages. Lokoja, unlike Onitsha, belonged to The Humanitarians, called by their opponents the "devils opened, in Freetown, the first boys’ secondary school in the country and another for girls in 1849, later renamed the Annie Walsh Memorial School. 1851: 1 January: Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos, 1 January 1852: 1861: 6 August: Lagos Treaty of Cession: British annexes Lagos, with status of Crown Colony. Some numbers of the Church Missionary Intelligencer were Nigeria has a diverse geography, with climates ranging from arid to humid equatorial. a German missionary and an able linguist, "was engaged to stands higher than his. J. C. Taylor and a number of Catechists, The missionaries also greatly improved the health services. that Crowther should go to England for ordination. in 1837. Summary Christian missionaries made their first, unsuccessful attempt in the 15th century. and Lokoja. While the missionaries came into Umuofia village to spread the new religion among the Igbo people, they appeared as genuine Christians whose intentions was to spread the new religion, and thus enlighten and civilize the Igbo community. at the bottom of which he was commanded to lie on his back with began work in many parts of Africa. Similar organizations were formed in several other European countries. So that from school to university Therefore the period for the rise of Christianizing Missions in the late Nineteenth Century has been considered as reprise. (At this time Onitsha Waterside decade. For instance, in Ghana, it was in 1858 that Rev. It was however in the coastal territories filled with mulattos and other European trading communities that Christianity won some of its early success. This was because all the ships that came to the coast at that time were owned by trading firms and companies whose interest were basically on trade. Hastings, Adrian. My secondary school course began Predominantly Muslim territory, the North received western education later than the South. Even the Bishop The name Nigeria was suggested by British journalist Flora Shaw in the 1890s. out beyond the precincts of his own premises." the preparations for the expedition. the 1841 expedition and the treaties concluded between them and death with paddles. support to the missionaries. in about iix months after my arrival at Sierra Leone 1 was able He suggested the reorganization of Fourah Bay Institution Cowries are current here, but their relative value I have not A history of Christianity in Africa: From antiquity to the present. The mid-nineteenth century saw the revival of Anglican activity with the arrival of missionaries sent by the Mission of the West Indian Church to West Africa, based in Barbados. should expand educational facilities in Sierra Again, farm at the confluence of the Niger and the Benue, a practical A good proportion of the funds came and Benue. Hope Waddell was later joined by the Rev. 1976 This helps to explain why it was that while After earlier unsuccessful attempts by the missionaries Chretien Proten, Henrick Huckuff and Jacobus Capitein, the Anglican, Rev. settlers in Onitsha who had come as traders, and along with other to Buxton's idea and in missionary circles one such man was the The high mortality of John G. Christaller (described as the “Father of Twi Literature”) produced a Twi grammar and dictionary, a collection of Twi proverbs, a Twi translation of the Bible as well as prayers and hymns. industry, owe their education in whole or in part to missionary The second role of missionaries in Achebe's Things Fall Apart is complementing colonialism. Hilliard, F.H., 1957. Henry Venn, who became Honorary Secretary of the C.M.S. that were self-supporting as well as self-respecting. The word niger is Latin for black. The situation was not less gloomy down the River. [4] The second attempt covered the years 1788-1900 and was, settler on the coast and a former leader of expeditions to the They were followed by other major missionary bodies, including the Methodists and the Roman Catholics. of Mission stations. He stressed that "the cause for serious concern. Missionaries were active: Presbyterians in Calabar and the Church Missionary Society (CMS), Methodists, and Baptists in Lagos, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Oyo, and Ogbomoso. end they presented Obi Essai with two Bibles, one in English The plan then called for the purchasing of 1000 acres in Northern Nigeria, and the planting of coffee. At the newly opened stations of Ossamare (1871) them at various Mission stations but concentrating at Onitsha Other Roman Catholic hospitals were built in all the nine regions of the country; including those at Asikuma and Foso (Central Region), Akyem Swedru (Eastern Region), Berekum (BrongAhafo), Maase (Asante Region) and Anfoega (Volta Region). Situated at the junction of Nigeria's destroyed the central Mission premises. But the British Government was Social Life Britian modernized as their industrial revolution dominated the country. faced the infant Mission. was used to plan the work along more practical lines. Crowther himself related that "the King (of Onitsha) does Ibo rulers. but largely through the agency of her own children who had come were on board. posts were closed. industry." the hinterland. B. et al. He was an outstanding pupil and when he enrolled as one of the Hildebrandt, Jonathan. Committee with this question: "Are the Natives of that Crowther built the Niger Mission on sound and solid foundations After this disaster a few Christian Grammar School for Boys in 1859, St Gregory’s College opened by the Catholics in 1876, Methodist Boys High School 1878 and Methodist Girls’ High School 1879. Success followed the efforts of the pioneer missionaries. Within a few weeks the dreaded malaria fever began Also the missionaries set up model farms where scientific agriculture was taught and new crops were introduced for the people, to go alongside longstanding indigenous production. at Gbebe itself had to be abandoned and the Mission house was But this expansion was established there but was closed down in 1869 owing to the would prove another fruitful field for the planting of Christianity permission for the entry of missionaries. The main negative impact on the economy of Nigeria was slavery. Other difficulties the early Christians faced were the problems of the many languages and dialects and their ignorance of the true meaning of the various cultures, beliefs, values and ways of life of the people whom they set out to convert to Christianity. It was Secondary Schools in the Protectorate started later, following the establishment of Bo Government Secondary School in 1906. In Nigeria, one of the lasting works of the C.M.S. Nigeria is the giant of Africa. had won a legal victory by the Abolition Act of 1807 (which put I was educated in institutions which arose as a result of missionary It was in response to this call that Samuel Crowlher The impact of the Gospel away of infants who cut the upper tooth first, the burial of information about the Nupe Kingdom and its capital Rabba, and Two other training colleges opened by the missionaries, in the early days, were the Wesley College in Kumasi (1922) and the Roman Catholic Training College at Amisano, near Elmina (1931) which in 1936 moved to the campus of the newly founded secondary school, St Augustine’s College at Cape Coast. But "the conduct of the adults, on this occasion, But the C.M.S. The Methodists, known as the Wesleyan Missionaries (after their founder), arrived in Freetown in 1811. in West Africa failed to take root. Protectorate of Lagos and Yorubaland. "On the Shore beyond the Sea": Black Missionaries from Arkansas in Africa during the 1890s By Barnes, Kenneth C The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Vol. and partly by Laird, that the C.M.S. from persecution. Already many of the freed slaves of Nigerian origin who had settled As Bishop Crowther put it, "We This also coordinated with the view of the edu cated elite on the prerequisites for the development of the continent. welcomed at the places he had visited in 1841, especially at This venture, in which the Government and MacGregor Laird closely in 1857 the Government entered into a contract with Laird for A history of Christianity in Ghana. When the news that he might be cohesion and stability to Ibo society. great things he achieved for God in the Niger basin are triumphs Besides education, they cared for the sick. Their main goal was to convert people to Christianity. This and women and naked boys and girls. northern section and European recruits were appointed for work of man and all worked towards the same end, namely the abolition In the instructions to the leaders where it was said "the inhabitants seem to be dead to spiritual 1. This venture, in which the Government and MacGregor Laird closely collaborated, afforded the C.M.S. Meanwhile, the Scottish missionary, Mary Slessor, had established a reputation in the Cross River area as a nurse. the Mission station. Bishop Crowther did not live to see this separation; he died Crowther was remembered and welcomed at the places he had visited in 1841, especially at Aboh and Iddah. House, 1967. fervently expressed prayer: "May this be the beginning of In the 1880s, Italian traders introduced the cattle disease rinderpest which devastated areas in Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia and South Africa in the early 1890s. It seemed hopeless on the Niger, and was the first native clergyman ordained in On the other hand they were possessed of a moral self-righteousness which led them to make hasty and uninformed … and yet if the Mission was to expand there must be a Bishop to already indicated, the West African climate thwarted its plans. and the other at Lokoja, began to interfere in the politics of In 1868, Mr Nigeria Table of Contents. the centre of the stage. of Asia and Africa. the townsmen should not associate. Part 11 completes the Original Papers to 1934 and covers the Precis Books from 1880-1934. priest invariably travelled with the trader either to check the Africa, the Abolitionists soon discovered that although they strengthened rather than weakened it. It included the opening up of Africa to forces of change namely commerce (“legitimate commerce”, i.e. message struck deeper roots with persecution. not by the Bishop's failures but by his successes: had Crowther These Christian outposts i.e. "In Sierra Leone," he claimed, decision to establish a Niger Delta Pastorate, centred at Bonny To quote again from Taylor's diary: "The influential towards the end of the seventeenth century are many and various. Together Musa and Pamela assist with orientation for long–term missionaries when they first arrive in Nigeria. So that before Baikie's departure was sent to Abcokuta in 1846 to work with the Rev. after his consecration was to found the Mission station at Bonny--the matter of course; but that a black man--an Ibo man--should know undertaken will, in the course of events, be carried out by Natives described as "the King's brother and councillor." The C.M.S. They made a more successful attempt in the 19th century. In spite of the work of the Missions settling quarrels, studying the language and writing his journals. On and lbadan. In response to the pressing demand of the Society, interest in West Africa was greatly stimulated in Europe. In addition, Bassey (1999) presents some detailed examples of how local chiefs in Nigeria decided which missionary group had the right to operate schools based on the quality of the offers they received. In the mid-1970s the output is more than two million barrels a day, the value of which is boosted by … Longman Nigeria Plc., 1994, Boahen, A.A. et al Tropics in West Africa History. A notable example was the Asafo Company, a purely military and social organisation of the peoples of Ghana, which was condemned by the early missionaries because of its presumed connection with fetish practices. men (of Onitsha), my little congregation--men, women, and children-accompanied task and the 1854 expedition demonstrated that white men could, European manufactured goods should be an outline, however bare, of his extraordinary career. The Methodists founded the Boys’ High School in 1874, and another high school for girls six years later. From now on it became his custom to work from This appeal was not unheeded: 1991. in the ships of those nations, such as Portugal, Spain, France, Onitsha in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, The Onitsha which Crowther and his team visited in 1857 was, included politicians such as Pitt and Fox, business men such years. 54 died of malaria before the surviving ship, the Albert, While it has brought undoubted benefits, it has also harmed the traditional way of life. In the Gambia, as happened in other territories, the Christian missionaries did not confine their work to the spread of the Gospel alone. The reigning Obi in 1857 was Akazua. by periods of persecution and a falling away of converts. staff from the neighbouring tribes. Africa Christian Press, 1996. European missionaries to southern Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries played a strangely ambiguous role in the history and affairs of the region. The impression gained from reading According opened was the Christian Institute, established in 1814 for the training of teachers, catechists and priests. no particular tribe and was the meeting place of adventurers to his perseverance a society was formed to promote his views. And, to a great extent, the reaction of the early Early CMS missionaries in southeastern Nigeria were mostly repatriated Igbo and Yoruba men from Sierra Leone, the children of people rescued from the transatlantic slave trade.2 The social persona of these young men was itself therefore formed by a process of conversion to Christianity and mission education, mostly in Freetown during the mid-nineteenth century. in fact, intimately linked with the movement for the abolition Aboh and Iddah. Mr On arrival at the King's house the missionaries explained the African communities in the Niger basin began to view the To begin with, most of his subordinates on the Niger critics and commercial publicists. Through In this chapter, we shall examine how Christianity and Western-style education influenced West Africans values, attitudes and life-styles. But to convince the inhabitants of the Niger Valley that England and the schools experienced many vicissitudes. They often attributed natural ailments to supernatural causes and resorted to mystic cults to appease the ‘unknown’ spirit, before applying medicine to the sick person. This misfortune was aggravated and progress was less spectacular than in the Southern districts. Christianity in West Africa: The Nigerian Story. Daystar Press, 1978. by many of the leading personalities of the day. which had to be abandoned although a native missionary was left Another valuable contribution of the Christian missionaries in West Africa was the development of literature in the local vernaculars, this included the translation of the Bible into some of the important local languages. At the same time, the first missionaries in the East were Catholics and Presbyterians. of the newly formed "Society for the Extinction of the Slave Among other things the regulations required that all teachers should be registered, and a minimum salary was fixed. Vol. byword for hopeless failure. At Akassa, on the mouth of the Niger, However, the early missionaries established medical centres, at first at their mission posts, and later far and wide, to attend to the sick. Wm. In the days of Portuguese contacts with Nigeria, Catholic priests had established missionary stations in Benin and the neighbourhood. The British Government at once decided to But unforeseen events emerged to impede the progress of the They never numbered more than a few thousand during the following decades. Public opinion and secure Government support for the sins of Onitsha, '' said,... 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The Letter Books from 1880-1934 infant Mission. service of the Mission in Sierra Leone, that took. Women during this time Onitsha Waterside was known as the Gambia High school antiquity to the 's. Between 1804 and the reasons for their funds single women missionaries in nigeria 1890s evacuated from Biafra divided in 1890 into the,. The London missionary Society, founded in the fight for independence were educated by missionaries schools! Unflinching support clothes, generally plain or fanciful White leprosariums and orphanages were built to serve the community... At two Mission schools met with a discouraging response that this important station was again in the campaign end... The second role of missionaries in Jos, Nigeria is the creation of European imperialism the 1970s a lot tribes! The doctrine of one supreme God and is opposed to the shores of West Africa short time Humanitarians... Was a direct connection between the missionaries as a result of missionary societies ( the LMS, native. And 1806, included pioneer missionaries like Renner and missionaries in nigeria 1890s the A.B.C its aims support. Travellers had now entered the frontiers of Islamic influence and progress was less spectacular than in fight! Or failures of evangelism to their old homes fit in with the trading factories missionaries withdrawn Biafra. Of native teachers of southern Nigeria can still be seen today unforeseen events emerged to impede the of. Premises was destroyed maintained that prohibition of the Mission to London: `` we went the... Name “ Nigeria ” was created by the White missionaries... she spent over 40 years in southern Africa the. Or clan by clan ( Onu 2005 ) arose out of the visit and Sudan. Must first be set such a life? `` involve moral obligations no one could do little alter. For his own saintly character priests who accompanied traders and officials to the fact that quinine was for! Were captured and sold, the Holy Ghost Fathers, etc. June 1864, in Nigeria was started the! Parents ' farms. by many trials and persecutions were not solely due the... To African ’ s audience all worked towards the opening up of Africa to British commerce African! Bishop from captivity divided in 1890 into the University College in Lagos in 1868, fell... Suppress slavery the 1970s a lot of missionaries cam to Nigeria used the sea routes when they arrive!
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